Insects Associated with Sesame (Sesamun indicum L.) and the Impact of Insect Pollinators on Crop Production
Insekti u usevu susama (Sesamun indicum L.) i uticaj insekata oprašivača na njegovu proizvodnju
Author
Farag Mahmoud, Mahmoud
Keywords
SesamePests
Pollination
Natural enemies
Crop production
Susam
štetočine
oprašivanje
prirodni neprijatelji
biljna proizvodnja
Metadata
Show full item recordAbstract
A survey of insects associated with sesame, Sesamun indicum L. (Pedaliaceae) was conducted
at the Agriculture Research Farm of The Faculty of Agriculture, University of Suez
Canal during the growing seasons 2010 and 2011. All different insect species found on the
experimental site were collected for identification. Sampling was done once a week and
three times a day. Three methods were used to collect insects from the sesame plants (a
sweep net, pitfall traps, digital camera and eye observation). A total of 31 insect species
were collected and properly identified during the survey. Insects recorded on the plants
were divided into four groups, true pollinators (Hymenoptera), other pollinators (Diptera,
Coleoptera and Lepidoptera), pests (Orthoptera, Odonata, Hemiptera and Homoptera) and
natural enemies (Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Neuroptera and Dictyoptera).
For studying the impact of insect pollination on sesame production, the experiment
was divided in two: opened and non-opened pollination of sesame. 50 plants from nonopened
pollination were covered with a perforated paper bag to allow the air to pass
through and to prevent insects from approaching the plants. Quantitative and qualitative
parameters were measured as follows: pod weight, number of seeds in each pod, weight
of 1000 seeds, germination (%), seedlings vigour and oil content (%). Results clearly demonstrate
that the opened pollination improved the crop production. Istraživanje faune insekata u proizvodnji susama, Sesamun indicum L. (Pedaliaceae) sprovedeno
je na Istraživačkom poljoprivrednom dobru Poljoprivrednog fakulteta, Univerziteta
Suecki kanal, tokom dve vegetacione sezone (2010 i 211). Sve primećene vrste sa eksperimentalnog
lokaliteta su sakupljene za identifikaciju. Sakupljanje insekata sa biljaka susama
je obavljano jednom nedeljno, tri puta dnevno, pomoću tri metode (kečer, lovne jame,
observacija digitalnom kamerom i vizuelno praćenje). Ukupno je sakupljena i pravilno identifikovana
31 vrsta tokom ogleda. Insekti koji su registovani i sakupljeni sa biljaka su podeljeni
u četiri grupe, i to: pravi polinatiori (Hymenoptera), ostali polinatori (Diptera, Coleoptera i
Lepidoptera), štetočine (Orthoptera, Odonata, Hemiptera i Homoptera) i prirodni neprijatelji
(Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Neuroptera i Dictyoptera).
Za ispitivanje uticaja načina oprašivanja na proizvodnju susama, ogled je podeljen u
dve celine: prirodno „otvoreno“ oprašivanje i „ometano“ oprašivanje. Pedeset biljaka u delu
ogleda sa „ometanim“ oprašivanjem su pokrivene perforiranom papirnom vrećicom kako
bi se omogućio protok vazduha, a sprečilo doletanje insekata. Kvantitativni i kvalitativni
parametri su mereni, i to: težina mahune, broj semena u mahuni, masa 1000 semena, klijavost
(%), vitalnost klijanaca, sadržaj ulja (%). Rezultati rada ukazuju da je „otvoreno“ oprašivanje
poboljšalo prozivodnju susama.