Antifeeding Activity of Several Plant Extracts Against Lymantria dispar L. (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) Larvae
Antifiding aktivnost nekoliko biljnih ekstrakata za gusenice Lymantria dispar L. (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae)
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Author
Gvozdenac, Sonja
Indjic, Dusanka
Vukovic, Slavica
Grahovac, Mila
Tanaskovic, Snezana
Keywords
Gypsy mothPlant extracts
Antifeedants
Insecticides
Gubar
biljni ekstrakti
antifiding
insekticidi
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Lymantria dispar L. is the most devastating polyphagous pest of deciduous forests, orchards
and urban greenery. To prevent damages that L. dispar larvae cause in forestry, agriculture and
horticulture, mechanical measures and the use of biological insecticides are the most frequently
applied practices. However, the use of conventional insecticides is inevitable in crop protection
and forest management on smaller areas, especially in gradation years. However, inadequate
use of these chemicals has led to disturbance of biocoenotic balance, outbreaks of some
previously less harmful organisms and pesticide residues in soil and watercourses in some
regions. To mitigate these consequences it is necessary to harmonize L. dispar control with
integrated management principles by applying selective and less toxic insecticides. Therefore,
the potential of botanical insecticides and antifeeding substances is gaining in importance.
The aim of this study was to assess the influence of ethanol extracts (1, 2 and 5%) of Ambrosia
artemisiifolia L., Erigeron canadensis L., Daucus carota L., Morus alba L. and Aesculus hippocastanum
L. on the feeding intensity of L. dispar larvae, i.e. to evaluate their antifeeding activity under
the conditions of “no-choice” test. Ten larvae per repetition were placed in Petri dishes and
offered oak leaf slices (2 x 9 cm2/repetition) previously dipped in plant extract or ethanol (1, 2,
and 5%) for the control. Feeding intensity, expressed as a percentage of consumed leaf area (%),
was measured after 48 h. For assessing the antifeeding activity of plant extracts AFI was calculated
and the extracts were classified according to scale: no antifeeding activity, slight antifeeding
activity, moderate antifeeding activity and strong antifeeding activity. Data were analyzed
using a two-way ANOVA and Duncan`s multiple range test. The results indicate that plant
species, i.e. the origin of extracts, had a significant influence on the feeding intensity of L. dispar
larvae, while concentration and interaction (plant species x concentration) were not factors
of influence. Ae. hippocastanum and M. alba extracts significantly reduced the consumed
leaf area (6.24, 18.93%, respectively), compared to the control (97.59%), while the extract of D.
carota had a phagostimulative effect (98.88%). Based on AFI values, Ae. hippocastanum extract
(87.10-89.05%) had a strong antifeeding activity, and M. alba medium-to-strong (64.33-71.37%). . je ekonomski najznačajnija polifagna štetočina listopadnih šuma, voćnjaka
i urbanog zelenila. Mehaničke mere i upotreba bioloških insekticida su najčešće primenjivane
mere zaštite s ciljem smanjenja šteta koje prouzrokuju gusenice svojom pojavom. Međutim,
na manjim površinama, a posebno u godinama gradacije, neizostavna je upotreba konvencionalnih
insekticida u zaštiti bilja i šumarstvu. Višegodišnja neodgovarajuća primena ove grupe insekticida
je dovela do narušavanja ravnoteže u biocenozi, prenamonženja ranije manje štetnih
organizama, pojave rezistentnosti štetnih vrsta na insekticide, kao i prisustva rezidua pesticida
u zemljištu i vodotokovima. U cilju smanjenja štetnih posledica neophodno je uskladiti suzbijanje
sa principima integralnog pristupa smanjenju brojnosti gubara, primenom selektivih i manje
toksičnih insekticida. Naime, sve više se istražuje potencijal botaničkih insekticida i antifiding
sredstava. Cilj ovog rada je bio da se proceni uticaj etanolnih ekstraktata Ambrosia artemisiifolia
L., Erigeron canadensis L., Daucus carota L., Morus alba L. i Aesculus hippocastanum L. na intenzitet
ishrane gusenica L. dispar, kao i njihove antifiding aktivnosti u uslovima “no-choice” testa. Ogled
je realizovan u laboratorijskim uslovima. Po 10 larvi po ponavljanju je stavljeno u petri-posude i
ponuđena su im po dva isečka lista hrasta (2 x 9 cm2/ponavljanju), potopljena u biljne ekstrakte,
odnoso u 1, 2 i 5% rastvor etanola u kontroli. Intenzitet ishrane, iskazan preko procenta konzumirane
površine, je meren nakon 48 h. Za procenu antifiding aktivnosti, izračunat je AFI (antifeeding
index), a biljni ekstrakti su kategorizovani prema već utvrđenoj skali: nema, slabo, srednje i
jako antifiding dejstvo. Podaci su statistički obrađeni dvofaktorijalnom analizom varijanse, uz primenu
Dankanovog testa višestrukih poređenja. Rezultati rada ukazuju da je značajan uticaj na
konzumiranu površinu lista imalo poreklo biljnog ekstrakta, dok koncentracija i interakcija dva
faktora (biljna vrsta x koncentracija), nisu statistički značajno uticale na vrednost konzumirane
površine. Ekstrakti Ae. hippocastanum i M. alba statistički su značajno smanjili procenat konzumirane
površine (6.24, 18.93%, respektivno) u poređenju sa kontrolom (97.59%), dok je ekstrakt D.
carota ispoljio fagostimulativni efekat (98.88%). Na osnovu AFI vrednosti, ekstrakt Ae. hippocastanum
(87.10-89.05%) je ispoljio jaku antifiding aktivnost, a M. alba srednju do jaku (64.33-71.37%).