In vitro and in vivo effects of Pseudomonas spp. and Bacillus sp. on Fusarium acuminatum, Botrytis cinerea and Aspergillus niger infecting cucumber
In vitro i in vivo efekti Pseudomonas spp. i Bacillus sp. na Fusarium acuminatum, Botrytis cinerea i Aspergillus niger na krastavcu
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Author
Zdravkovic, Jasmina
Ugrinovic, Milan
Zdravkovic, Milan
Djordjevic, Slavisa
Pavlovic, Snezana
Josic, Dragana
Keywords
RhizobacteriaPseudomonas spp.
Bacillus sp.
Plant growth
Plant diseases
Cucumbers
Rizobakterije
Pseudomonas spp.
Bacillus sp.
Rast biljaka
Bolesti biljaka
Krastavac
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Show full item recordAbstract
Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L) is an important member of the Cucurbitaceae family.
Production of healthy nursery is necessary for high-quality production of this crop in
greenhouses and in fields. With the idea of minimizing the use of pesticides and mineral
fertilizers to preserve soil quality, we investigated the effects of plant growth promoting bacteria
(PGPB) on growth promotion and protection of cucumber plants from phytopathogenic
fungi. The effects of Pseudomonas spp. strains with different antifungal activities and Bacillus
sp. Q10 strain with PGP activity were tested on cucumber plants. Antagonistic activity of
Pseudomonas spp. against the growth of several phytopathogenic fungi isolated from
cucumber: F. acuminatum, B. cinerea and A. niger, was observed. The influences of overnight
cultures, supernatants and heat-stable antifungal factors were tested on the phytopathogenic
fungi in vitro. Pseudomonas sp. K35 and K24 strains were more effective than P. chlororaphis
Q16 and Pseudomonas sp. K27, showing 70-80% of fungal growth inhibition regardless of
culture or fraction applied. The good antagonists that belong to pseudomonads and Bacillus
sp. Q10 strain were used as mixtures for estimation of plant growth and health promoting
effects on cucumber plants. Growth dynamics differed depending on the applied strain
of Pseudomonas sp. The M3 treatment (a mixture of Bacillus sp. Q10 and P. chlororaphis Q16)
stimulated the initial phase of growth, while M4 (a mixture of Bacillus sp. Q10 and Pseudomonas
sp. K24) resulted in the maximal height at the final measurement. Significant differences in
leaf and plant weight (M4), and leaf weight (M5, containing K35 strain) were found after the
treatments. No significant differences in chlorophyll and NBI level were observed in any of
the tested combinations. The obtained results suggested that M3 was suitable for stimulation
of the early phase of cucumber growth, while the mixtures M4 and M5 improved plant
protection and stimulated the later phases of cucumber growth. Krastavac (Cucumis sativus L) je važan predstavnik familije Cucurbitaceae, a proizvodnja
zdravog rasada je nephodna za visoku produktivnost u plastenicima i na otvorenom polju.
Da bi se umanjila primena pesticida i mineralnih đubriva i pri tome sačuvalo zemljište,
ispitan je uticaj bakterija stimulatora biljnog rasta (PGPB) na rast biljaka i zaštitu od patogena.
Primenjeni su sojevi Pseudomonas spp. sa različitim antimikoznim delovanjem i Bacillus
sp. soj Q10 sa PGP aktivnošću. Praćena je antagonistička aktivnost Pseudomonas spp. na
fitopatogene gljive izolovane sa biljaka krastavca: F. acuminatum, B. cinerea i A. niger. Testiran
je uticaj prekonoćne kulture bakterija, supernatanta i termostabilnih antifungalnih faktora
na rast ovih fitopatogena. Pseudomonas sp. K35 i K24 sojevi, koji pokazuju 70-80% inhibicije
rasta gljiva bez obzira na primenjenu kulturu ili frakciju, efektivniji su od P. chlororaphis Q16
i Pseudomonas sp. K27. Sojevi Pseudomonas spp., koji su ispoljili visok stepen antagonizma,
kombinovani su sa sojem Bacillus sp. Q10 i procenjen je uticaj na rast i zdravstveno stanje
biljaka krastavca. U zavisnosti od primenjenog soja Pseudomonas sp., razlikovala se dinamika
rasta krastavca. Tretman M3 - kombinacija Bacillus sp. Q10 i P. chlororaphis Q16 uticala je na
početnu fazu porasta biljaka, dok je treatman M4 - kombinacija Bacillus sp. Q10 i Pseudomonas
sp. K24, imala najviše uticaja na visinu biljke na kraju merenja. Uočene su značajne razlike za
masu lista i masu biljke (M4) i masu lista (M5 sa sojem K35), dok sadržaj hlorofila i nivo NBI
nisu imali značajne razlike kod svih ispitivanih kombinacija. Dobijeni rezultati ukazuju da je
M3 pogodan za rane faze razvoja biljke, a kombinacije M4 i M5 pogodne su za zaštitu biljaka
i u kasnijim fazama porasta biljaka. Potpuna ekspresija PGP svojstava za M4 i M5 može se
utvrditi tek posle testiranja na siromašnim supstratima, koji će biti upoređeni sa rezultaima
dobijenim na supstratima sa dovoljno hranljivih materija.