Maize and Sunflower Production in Posavina, Croatia Influenced by Different Soil Tillage Systems

Abstract

The paper presents results of the two years experiment in maize and sunflower production with four different soil tillage systems carried out in Western Slavonia, at agricultural company ”PK Nova Gradiska” in village Staro Petrovo Selo, located 150 km south-east from Zagreb (45° 10’ N, 17° 30’ E). Energy requirement comparison showed that CT system had the highest fuel consumption of 62.93 L ha-1 (maize) and 57.96 L ha-1 (sunflower). In maize production the best energy saving system was RT2 with 36.30 L ha-1, while in sunflower production was RT1 with 36.41 L ha-1. Comparison regarding labour requirement unveiled that conventional tillage (CT) required 2.62 h ha-1 and 0.35 h Mg-1 in maize, while in sunflower it required 2.63 h ha-1 and 0.35 h Mg-1. The lowest labour requirement in maize production of 1.48 h ha-1 and 0.19 h Mg-1 achieved RT2 followed by RT1 with 1.49 h ha-1 and 0.15 h Mg-1, while in sunflower the lowest requirement achieved RT1 with 1.35 h ha-1 and 0.14 h Mg-1. The highest average yield obtained system RT1 in both crops, while the lowest yield was with RT3 in maize and CT in sunflower production.

U radu su prikazani rezultati dvogodišnjih pokusa proizvodnje kukuruza i suncokreta s četiri načina obrade tla provedenih u zapadnoj Slavoniji, na proizvodnim površinama poljoprivredne tvrtke PK Nova Gradiška, lokacija Staro Petrovo Selo (45° 10’ N, 17° 30’ E) smješteno 150 km jugoistočno od Zagreba. Usporedbom utroška energije, najviša potrošnja goriva od 62.93 L ha-1 u proizvodnji kukuruza i 57.96 L ha-1 kod suncokreta, utvrđena je kod konvencionalnog sustava obrade tla (CT). Najveću uštedu energije u proizvodnji kukuruza omogućio je sustav RT2 s 36.30 L ha-1, a kod suncokreta sustav RT1 s 36.41 L ha-1. Usporedbom radnog vremena utvrđeno je da je CT sustavom u proizvodnji kukuruza utrošeno 2.62 h ha-1 odnosno 0.35 h Mg-1, a kod suncokreta 2.63 h ha-1 te 0.35 h Mg-1. Najniži utrošak radnog vremena u proizvodnji kukuruza ostvario je sustav RT2 s 1.48 h ha-1 i 0.19 h Mg-1, potom RT1 s 1.49 h ha-1 i 0.15 h Mg-1, dok je u proizvodnji suncokreta najmanji utrošak radnog vremena ostvario sustav RT1 s 1.35 h ha-1 i 0.14 h Mg-1. Najviši prosječni urod oba usjeva postignut je sustavom RT1, a najniži urod kukuruza imao je sustav RT3, dok je najniži urod suncokreta imao sustav CT.