Refinement and Evaluation Wheat Straw Combine for Better Straw Quality

Abstract

Straw combine is very popular machine in Punjab for the retrieval of wheat straw. It was observed that quality of wheat straw obtained from straw combine is inferior due to more dirt content as compare to harambha thresher. Therefore, the straw combine was developed with straw bruising and sieving system for the removal of dirt. Dirt was quantified by total ash content and acid insoluble ash. Field evaluation of the modified straw combine and laboratory analysis of collected sieved straw sample was carried out. Two level of concave bar spacing (10 and 14 mm), three feed rates (14, 16.5 and 19 q•h-1) and three cylinder speeds (28.45, 32.25 and 36.04 m•s-1) were selected as operational parameter. It was observed that mechanical sieving of straw was well enough for the separation of dirt. Percent reduction of total ash content and acid insoluble ash due to sieving increases with decrease in feed rate and increase in concave bar spacing. Average straw length and split straw percentage was found to well within acceptable level at 14 mm concave bar spacing. Net specific fuel consumption was found to be decreases with increase in feed rate and concave bar spacing and increases with increase in cylinder speed.

Žitne vršalice su veoma popularne u Punjab oblasti u Indiji. Primećeno je da je kvalitet slame nakon ubiranja klasičnim žitnim kombajnom, lošiji zbog većeg prisutva nečistoća, u poređenju sa žitnom vršalicom. Iz tog razloga se radilo na konstrukciji kombajna za slamu koji je opremljen uređajem sa čišćenje i prosejavanja slame. Prilikom ispitivanja kvaliteta rada, količina nečistoće odstranjena iz slame, je određena preko količine pepela nakon sagorevanja i sadržaja, u kiselini, nerastvorenog pepela. Poljsko ispitivanje je takođe sprovedeno a uzorci slame su doneti na labaratrijsko ispitivanje. Dva nivoa rastojanja rešetke (10 i 14 mm), tri protoka (14, 16.5 i 19 q•h-1) i tri brzine bubnja (28.45, 32.25 i36.04 m•s-1) su uzeti kao parametri rada. Uočeno je da je mehanički sistem prosejavanja slame zadovoljavajući u slučaju otklanjanja nečistoća. Procenat smanjenja ukupne količine pepela i količine pepela nerastvorenog u kiselini, se povećava sa smanjenjem protoka i sa smanjenjem rastojanja između rešetki sita. Prosečna dužina slame i udeo polomljene slame su bili u prihvaltjivim granicama kod minimalnog rastojanja između rešetki sita od 14 mm. Ukupna specifična potrošnja goriva se smanjivala sa povećanjem protoka mase i rastojanja između rešetki, dok se, sa povećanjem brzine obrtanja bubnja, povećavala.