Reduction of Spray Losses to Soil in Soybean (Glycine Max L.) Through Optimization of Operational Parameters

Abstract

Spraying of plant protection chemicals is widely practised for minimizing the losses occurred due to attack of insect pests, and occurrence of diseases. However, indiscriminate and improper use of pesticide has brought up many environmental issues especially the soil pollution. Application of pesticide and its deposition at the target surface has drawn much attention to improve the efficacy of spray. A number of factors affect the deposition of pesticide on the plant surface and its loss to soil. These factors include both morphological characteristics of leaf and operational parameters of spraying. Among the operational parameters type of nozzle, pressure, droplet size, travel speed, etc. are some of the factors responsible for efficacy of spray on plant and losses to soil. Crop growth stage also affects the efficacy of the spray. The study established that spraying of insecticides with a suitable hydraulic sprayer fitted with HCN-80250 nozzle having provision for air supply at an advanced stage of crop growth with a travel speed of 3.5 km per hour ensure minimum spray losses to soil in soybean crop with considerably higher coverage area by the droplets on both sides of the leaves.

Pskanje hemijskih sredstava za zaštitu bilja se široko primenjuje za smanjenje gubitaka koje uzrokuju insekti, štetočine i bolesti. Ipak, nepravilna upotreba pesticida ugrozila je životnu sredinu, posebno zagađenjem zemljišta. Primena pesticide i njihovo taloženje na ciljnoj površini privuklo je mnogo pažnje na unapređenje efikasnosti prskanja. Veliki broj faktora utiče na taloženje pesticide na površinu biljke i njihove gubitke u zemljištu. Ovi faktori uključuju, kako morfološke karakteristike lista, tako i radne parametre prskanja. Među radnim parametrima, na efikasnost prskanja i gubitke u zemljište utiču: tip mlaznice, pritisak, dimenzije kapljice, brzina kretanja itd. Stanje porasta useva takođe utiče na efikasnost prskanja. Ovim istraživanjem je utvrđeno da je prskanje insekticida odgovoarajućim hidrauličkim rasprskivačem sa mlaznicama HCN-80250, uz dodatno snabdevanje vazduhom, u naprednom stanju porasta useva i pri radnoj brzini od 3.5 km•h-1 obezbedilo minimalne gubitke kroz zemljište pri zaštiti soje. Uz to, postignuta je značajno veća površina pokrivena kapljicama, na obe strane lista.