Storability of Wheat Harvested by Different Methods

Abstract

Wheat was harvested through combine harvester or thresher. Labor shortage and timely completion of harvesting operation attracts farmers to harvest wheat crop through combine harvester. This facilitates to make land available for next crop sowing operation. The damage loss of wheat grain is the main disadvantage of harvesting machinery utilization. The research was carried out on six months storage of wheat obtained by combine harvester and thresher considering mechanically damaged seeds; percent weight loss, moisture content, germination percent, vigor index, pest population and percent grain damage. Wheat obtained from thresher has minimum mechanical damage (1.5 to 2.7%) and moisture content (7.70 to 7.83%) at the time of harvest as well as minimum storage loss (1.13 to 2.57%), pest population (2.78 to 4.17) and damage percent due to pest infestation (10.83 to 19.94 %) after six months of storage. Threshed grain has higher germination percentage (94.10 to 95.22%) and vigor index (212.44 to 222.98) after six months of storage.

Pšenica je žnjevena žitnim kombajnom ili vršalicom. Ušteda rada i vremena privlači farmere da žetvu obavljaju žitnim kombajnom. Ovim se omogućuje oslobađanje zemlje za setvu sledećeg useva. Gubitak zbog oštećenja zrna je osnovni nedostatak primene mašina za žetvu. Istraživanje je izvedeno šestomesečnim skladištenjem pšenice dobijene žetvom žitnim kombajnom i vršalicom, uz praćenje mehanički oštećenih zrna, procenta gubitka mase, sadržaja vlage, procenta klijanja, indeksa vigora, populacije štetočina i procenta oštećenja zrna. Pšenica dobijena iz vršalice, posle 6 meseci skladištenja, ima minimalna mehanička oštećenja 1.5 do 2.7%, sadržaj vlage 7.70 do 7.83% u momentu žetve, minimalni gubitak pri skladištenju 1.13 do 2.57%, populaciju štetočina 2.78 do 4.17 i oštećenja od štetočina od 10.83 do 19.94 %. Ova pšenica je posle 6 meseci skladištenja imala i veći procenat klijanja od 94.10 do 95.22% i indeks vigora 212.44 do 222.98.