Breeding of Wheat and Barley and Preservation of Genetic Resources in Agriculture

Abstract

Breeding of wheat and barley has a significant contribution to the achievement of high yields, better quality and greater adaptive values of cultivars in different ecological conditions of cultivation. Increasing the capacity of the cultivars have a contribution in increasing food production and satisfying the demands for the products of different purposes for nutrition and industrial processing. Important sources of genes for a particular trait are wild relatives, autohnotne varieties, old varieties, which exist in natural conditions or as conserved seeds in the plant genetic banks. For success in breeding a significant conservation of germ-plasma in plant genetic banks or in protected areas in nature. In terms of global climate change, oplemenjivanjivači have the task to create a cultivars that adaptive to drought stress conditions and other biotic and abiotic stress factors in order to maintain and increase the productivity and quality of cultivars and increasing food production. At the same time it is necessary to develop adapted technologies in breeding new cultivars under climate change conditions.

Oplemenjivanjem pšenice i ječma ima značajan doprinos u ostvarivanju visokih prinosa, boljeg kvaliteta i većoj adaptivnoj vrednosti sorti u različitim ekološkim uslovima gajenja. Povećanje kapaciteta sorti ima doprinos u povećanju proizvodnje hrane i zadovoljavanju zahteva za proizvodima različite namene u ishrani, industrijskoj preradi. Važni izvori gena za odredjeno svojstvo su divlji srodnici, autohnotne sorte, stare sorte, koje postoje u prirodnim uslovima ili se njihovo seme čuva u Bankama biljnih gena. Za uspeh u oplemenjivanju je značajno očuvanje germ plazme u Bankama biljnih gena ili u zaštićenim predelima u prirodi. U uslovima globalne promene klime, oplemenjivanjivači imaju zadatak da stvore sorte adaptivne na uslove stresa sušom, kao i druge biotičke i abiotičke faktore stresa u cilju održanja i povećanja produktivnosti i kvaliteta sorti i povećanja proizvodnje hrane. Istovremeno je neophodno razvijanje prilagodjenih tehnologija gajenja novih sorti u uslovima klimatskih promena.