Organization and Rational Exploitation of the Machinery and Tractor Stock of Equipment on the Farms in South Banat

Abstract

Agriculture, as one of the fundamental branches of national economy, as creator of GDP and user of scientific and technical progress, represents both for the South Banat County and for Serbia as a whole the traditional and important economic activity that operates in appropriate natural conditions much more convenient than it is situation in the most countries situated in the same part of Europe. In the process of reforms as well as preparation of our country for accession to European Union (EU), implementation of the goals given in the national program for economic revitalization as well as higher respecting of the market economy postulates are caused, to a great extent, by realization of higher degree efficiency as well as profitability of production and productive factors. Appropriate and in time application of mechanization has particular importance in realization of adequate measures for increase of agricultural production intensity. It usually refers to the need of adequate agro-technical measures realization as well as to the need of fulfilling optimal deadlines. In accordance with that, the endeavors of farms are directed to purchase of modern mechanization as well as its better utilization, i.e. onto the modern technological procedures. The topic of this paper is determination of organization and economic conditions for optimal agricultural mechanization utilization, which mostly depends on level of the mechanization equipping at the farm, than on the average tractor power, degree of the tractor capacity utilization, way of composition of machines’ set, functional maintenance of technical facilities as well as the total organization process of those activities aiming at an efficiency increase of the newly bought machines compared to the existing machinery and tractor stock of equipment.

Poljoprivreda, kao jedna od baznih grana nacionalne ekonomije, stvaralac bruto domaćeg proizvoda (BDP) i korisnik naučno-tehničkog progresa, predstavlja kako za Južnobanatski okrug, tako i za Srbiju u celini tradicionalnu i značajnu ekonomsku delatnost, koja se odvija u prirodno odgovarajućim uslovima, povoljnijim nego u većini zemalja ovog dela Evrope. U procesu reformi i pripremanja naše zemlje za pristupanje Evropskoj uniji (EU), realizacija ciljeva nacionalnog programa za ekonomski oporavak i veće respektovanje postulata tržišne ekonomije jesu, u velikoj meri, uslovljeni ostvarivanjem višeg stepena efektivnosti i rentabilnosti proizvodnje i proizvodnih faktora. Celishodna i blagovremena primena mehanizacije ima poseban značaj u sprovođenju adekvatnih mera za povećanje intenziteta poljoprivredne proizvodnje. To se po pravilu odnosi kako na potrebu izvršenja određenih agrotehničkih mera, tako i na potrebu da se ove aktivnosti realizuju u određenim optimalnim rokovima. Shodno tome, napori poljoprivrednih gazdinstava su usmereni na kupovinu savremene mehanizacije i njeno što bolje korišćenje, tj. na savremene tehnološke postupke. Predmet ovog rada je određivanje organizaciono-ekonomskih uslova za optimalnu upotrebu poljoprivredne mehanizacije, što u najvećoj meri zavisi od nivoa opremljenosti gazdinstva mehanizaciijom, prosečne snage traktora, stepena iskorišćenja kapaciteta traktora, načina sastavljanja mašinskog agregata, funkcionalnog održavanja tehnike i ukupnog procesa organizacije onih aktivnosti koje imaju za cilj povećanje efektivnosti novokupljenih mašina u odnosu na postojeći mašinsko-traktorski park.